Archery Merit Badge Guide

Archery Merit Badge – Archery, one of the oldest skills known to humanity, serves as a bridge connecting us to our ancestors, who relied on this art for survival. When a Scout steps up to the archery range, they are not just handling a bow and arrow, they are partaking in a timeless legacy.

Whether it’s the Cherokee hunters’ tales, the legend of Robin Hood, or the fame of the Huns’ ox-horn bows, archery weaves its way through our history. Yet, it’s not just a relic of the past.

As a dynamic, exciting sport that continues to captivate people worldwide, archery engages both the mind and body. Its core still rests on a steady hand, a keen eye, and a disciplined mind.

The modern sport brims with variations, from target archery to field, clout, 3-D, action archery, and more, promising endless avenues for a Scout to explore.

Archery Merit Badge Requirements

The Answer for Requirement Number 1a

Safety is always paramount when practicing archery. Here are the five key range safety rules:

1. Obey all commands from the range officer: The range officer is responsible for the safety of everyone on the range. Follow their instructions at all times to ensure a safe archery experience.
2. Never point a bow and arrow at another person: It’s essential to only aim at the target, and never at another individual or at anything beyond the range. Even if you’re not intending to shoot, never point your bow and arrow in an unsafe direction.
3. Never shoot an arrow straight up into the air: The direction in which you can’t control where the arrow lands is dangerous. An arrow shot straight up into the air will come down with a lot of force and can seriously injure or kill someone.
4. Wait for the all-clear before retrieving arrows: Do not approach the targets or cross the shooting line to retrieve arrows until the range officer gives the all-clear signal. This rule ensures everyone has finished shooting and it’s safe to approach the targets.
5. Always use suitable and safe equipment: Use only archery equipment in good working order and that’s appropriate for your level of skill and strength. Damaged, overly powerful, or otherwise unsuitable equipment can pose a risk to the archer and others around them.

Please remember, safety should always be your first consideration when practicing archery. Following these rules will ensure that everyone can enjoy the sport safely.

The Answer for Requirement Number 1b

Whistle commands are a universal language used in archery ranges to communicate important actions. Here’s a simple explanation of the four common whistle commands:

1. One Blow: This command signals that archers may approach the shooting line and begin shooting. This is the “start shooting” command and is only given when the range is clear and it is safe to shoot.
2. Two Blows: This command signals that archers may approach the shooting line, but they should not yet begin shooting. Archers typically use this time to prepare their bows and arrows.
3. Three Blows: This command signals that it is safe for archers to walk forward and retrieve their arrows from the targets.
4. Four or More Blows: This command signals an emergency stop. All shootings must cease immediately, regardless of the current activity.

Here’s a simplified table for reference:

The Answer for Requirement Number 1c

Removing arrows from a target and returning them to the quiver can be done safely by following these steps:

1. Wait for the All-Clear Signal: Ensure you have permission to retrieve your arrows. This is usually signified by three whistle blows from the range officer. Don’t approach the targets until you receive this signal.
2. Approach the Target Carefully: When walking up to the target, keep an eye out for arrows that might have fallen short or skipped off the ground. Be aware of others around you who are also retrieving their arrows.
3. Remove the Arrow: Stand to the side of the arrow, not directly behind it. Use one hand to firmly hold the target around the arrow’s point of entry to steady it. With your other hand, grip the arrow close to where it entered the target. Pull the arrow out in the exact opposite direction of how it went in. Do not twist or yank the arrow; this could damage the arrow or the target.
4. Carry the Arrows Correctly: Once the arrow is removed, carry it points down and slightly angled towards the ground for safety. Do not swing your arrows around or point them at others.
5. Return Arrows to Quiver: Only when you are clear of the target, you can safely place your arrows back in your quiver. Ensure the arrow points are facing downward when replacing them.

The Answer for Requirement Number 1d

I can’t provide specifics about your local and state laws regarding the ownership and use of archery equipment.

However, I can tell you that laws about archery equipment vary widely depending on the location. Some areas may have no restrictions at all, while others might require permits or have certain limitations on use.

Generally, the things you’d need to look at would be:

1. Age Restrictions: Some places may have minimum age requirements for owning or using archery equipment.
2. Permits and Licenses: In certain areas, you might need a permit or license to own or use a bow, particularly for hunting.
3. Hunting Laws: If you’re using archery for hunting, there are usually specific regulations about when and where you can hunt, and what types of animals you can hunt.
4. Transportation Laws: There might also be laws about how bows and arrows should be transported for safety reasons.

To get the most accurate and relevant information, I’d recommend checking this regulation with local law enforcement agencies or a local archery club. They should be able to provide the most current and applicable information for your specific location.

The Answer for Requirement Number 2a,b

a) An arrow is composed of several parts, each serving a unique function. Here are the primary components:

1. Point: The tip of the arrow, which penetrates the target. The point can be various styles depending on the intended use of the arrow (e.g., target, field, or broadhead for hunting).
2. Shaft: The long, straight portion of the arrow, typically made of wood, carbon, or aluminum.
3. Fletching: These are the vanes or feathers located near the back of the arrow. They stabilize the arrow in flight. Arrows usually have three fletchings.
4. Nock: A slotted plastic tip located at the back end of the arrow, which is designed to securely attach the arrow to the bowstring.

b) There are several types of arrows designed for different purposes. Here are four of them:

1. Aluminum Arrows: These are common for beginners and target archers due to their durability and lower cost. They are heavier than carbon arrows, which makes them less affected by wind.
2. Fiberglass Arrows: These are known for their durability and consistency, making them popular for both hunting and target practice, especially for beginners. They are adaptable to various draw lengths, making them versatile for different types of bows and users.
3. Carbon Arrows: These are lighter and faster than aluminum arrows. They are favored by many hunters and high-level target archers for their speed and the flatness of their trajectory.
4. Wooden Arrows: Traditional for longbow and recurve shooting, wooden arrows are often used for historical reenactment and by archers preferring traditional equipment. They’re typically not as straight or durable as carbon or aluminum arrows.

Here’s a simplified table for reference:

Remember, each type of arrow may perform differently based on the type of bow used and the archer’s skill level.

The Answer for Requirement Number 2c

Arrow shafts can be made from various materials, each with its own unique properties that can affect the arrow’s performance. Here are the four principal materials:

1. Wood: The oldest material for making arrow shafts and still used today, especially for traditional archery and historical reenactments. Wooden shafts offer a sense of nostalgia and authenticity but may not be as durable or consistent as other materials.
2. Aluminum: Lightweight and durable, aluminum shafts are popular for target archery. They can be precisely manufactured for consistent performance but may bend if not handled carefully.
3. Carbon: Carbon shafts are extremely lightweight and fast, making them a popular choice for both target archery and hunting. They are more durable than aluminum and maintain their straightness better, but they are also more expensive.
4. Fiberglass: Known for their durability and affordability, fiberglass shafts are a good choice for beginners or for use in archery programs. They are heavier than aluminum or carbon, which can affect their speed and distance.

Here’s a simplified table for reference:

Also Read: Rifle Shooting Merit Badge

The Answer for Requirement Number 2d

I can provide you with the steps on how to accomplish these tasks.

1. Making a complete arrow from a bare shaft

Materials: Bare shaft, arrow point, fletchings, nock, fletching jig, adhesive.

1. Prepare the Shaft: Clean the end of the shaft where the fletchings will be glued.
2. Install the Point: Apply adhesive to the point and insert it into the front of the shaft.
3. Install the Fletchings: Use a fletching jig to properly align the fletchings on the shaft. Apply adhesive to the base of each fletching and place it in the jig, then clamp the fletching to the shaft. Repeat this for each fletching.
4. Install the Nock: Apply adhesive to the nock and insert it into the back of the shaft. Make sure it is aligned correctly with the fletchings.

2. Arrow repair

Materials: Damaged arrows, replacement vanes, points, nocks, adhesive, fletching remover tool.

1. Inspect the Shafts: Look for cracks, bends, or other damages.
2. Replace Vanes: If vanes are damaged, use a fletching remover tool to carefully remove the damaged vanes without damaging the shaft. Clean the area, apply adhesive to the base of the new vane, and use a fletching jig to attach the new vane to the shaft.
3. Replace Point: If the point is damaged or lost, remove any remaining part of the old point from the shaft. Apply adhesive to the new point and insert it into the shaft.
4. Replace Nock: If the nock is damaged, remove the old nock and clean the nock area of the shaft. Apply adhesive to the new nock and insert it into the shaft, aligning it correctly with the vanes.

Be sure to follow all safety procedures when making or repairing arrows, and use proper tools and materials. If you’re unsure or uncomfortable doing it yourself, seek help from an experienced archer or a professional.

The Answer for Requirement Number 2e

Taking proper care of your arrows is crucial to maintain their performance and longevity. Here are some general steps to properly care for and store arrows:

1. Inspection: Regularly inspect your arrows for any signs of wear, tear, or damage. This includes checking the shafts for cracks or bends, and the points, nocks, and fletchings for any damage or loose parts.
2. Cleaning: Keep your arrows clean. Dirt and grime can affect an arrow’s flight. You can clean arrows with a soft, damp cloth and mild soap. Be sure to dry them thoroughly afterward.
3. Storage: Store your arrows in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Heat and humidity can damage certain types of arrows.
4. Arrow Case: If possible, use an arrow case for storage. It should be rigid to prevent bending, and it should have separate slots for each arrow to prevent them from knocking against each other.
5. Avoid Bending: Never lean arrows against a wall or place heavy objects on them. This can cause the shafts to bend, which can severely affect their performance.
6. Rotation: If you use your arrows frequently, rotate which ones you use to prevent excessive wear on any single arrow.

Here’s a simplified table for reference:

The Answer for Requirement Number 3a,b

a. Explanation of archery accessories

Tabs: A tab is a type of finger protection used by archers to release the bowstring more smoothly. It can help prevent blisters and improve accuracy. Tabs should be kept dry and flat. Store them in a cool, dry place.

Arm Guards: These are used to protect the inside of the archer’s forearm from being hit by the bowstring. They should be wiped clean after use and stored in a dry place.

Shooting Gloves: Gloves protect your fingers from blisters and calluses caused by pulling the bowstring. They should be kept dry and clean, and stored out of direct sunlight to prevent the material from deteriorating.

Quivers: Quivers hold arrows. They can be hip quivers, back quivers, or bow quivers. They should be kept dry and clean. Avoid cramming too many arrows into one quiver as this can damage the fletchings.

b. Explanation of archery terms

Draw Length: This is the distance from the nocking point on the string to the pivot point of the bow when the bow is at full draw.

Draw Weight: The amount of force required to pull the bowstring to the full draw length. It’s measured in pounds.

Mechanical Release: A device used by some archers to release the bowstring instead of using fingers. It helps ensure a consistent release.

Barebow: This term refers to a style of archery where the archer uses no sights or aiming aids on the bow.

The Answer for Requirement Number 4a

Let’s delve into concepts of archery scoring terms:

End: In archery, an ‘end’ refers to a set number of arrows that are shot before going to the target to score and retrieve them. The number can vary, but a common number of arrows in an end is 3 or 6.

Round: A ’round’ in archery refers to a complete game or match, which consists of a specific number of ‘ends’. For example, a round may comprise of 10 ends of 6 arrows each.

The Answer for Requirement Number 4b

Explanation of different archery disciplines:

Field Archery: This form of archery takes place on a course set out over open ground (often woodland), with targets set at varying distances and elevations. Archers may not know the target distances in advance, requiring estimation skills.

Target Archery: This is perhaps the most recognized form of archery, typically conducted on a flat field with stationary targets at known distances. Archers aim at a circular target marked with concentric scoring rings.

3-D Archery: This form of archery uses life-size models of the game (often made of foam) as targets. These are placed at varying distances and locations, simulating a hunting environment. This discipline tests not only accuracy but also the ability to estimate distance.

The Answer for Requirement Number 4c

The World Archery Federation (also known as World Archery) utilizes a five-color target face in some of their archery competitions. The scoring system for a five-color World Archery target works as follows:

Each color on the target represents a different point value, with the colors being (from center to outside): Gold, Red, Blue, Black, and White.

Each color is divided into two rings. The inner ring of each color scores more points than the outer ring of the same color. Therefore, the total number of scoring zones on a standard World Archery target is ten.

Here’s how the scoring works, starting from the center (gold) and moving to the outermost ring (white):

To score your round, you simply add up the total points from your arrows based on where they landed on the target. For example, if one of your arrows lands in the outer gold ring, you get 9 points. If another arrow lands in the inner blue ring, you get 6 points.

If an arrow touches the line between two rings, the score is usually the value of the higher-scoring ring. This rule is commonly referred to as the “line-cutter” rule.

It’s worth noting that different events may have variations on this basic scoring system, so always be sure to check the specific rules for any archery event in which you’re participating.

The Answer for Requirement Number 4d

The National Field Archery Association (NFAA) uses different target faces for different types of competitions. Let’s break down how scoring works for both the black-and-white field targets and blue indoor targets.

Black-and-White Field Targets

The NFAA’s outdoor Field Archery targets use a black-and-white design with four evenly distributed rings. Each ring has a different scoring value:

An arrow landing within or touching a ring earns the score of that ring. As with other scoring systems, the “line-cutter” rule applies: if an arrow touches the line between two rings, it receives a higher score.

Blue Indoor Targets

For indoor archery, NFAA uses blue and white five-ring targets. Each of these rings has a different point value:

Again, an arrow landing within or touching a ring scores the value of that ring, and if an arrow touches a line between two rings, it scores a higher value.

Remember, the specific rules and scoring methods can vary based on the type of competition and the specific rules of the event, so always be sure to familiarize yourself with the rules prior to any competition.

Also Read: Sports Merit Badge

The Answer for Requirement Number 5b

Option B – Using a Compound Bow:

a. Parts of the Compound Bow

Here are the main parts of a compound bow:

1. Riser: This is the “middle” section of the bow, where the grip is located. It’s typically made of aluminum or carbon fiber.
2. Limbs: These are the upper and lower parts of the bow that flex to store energy when the bow is drawn.
3. Cams: These are pulley-like devices located on the ends of the limbs. They provide the mechanical advantage that defines a compound bow.
4. Bowstring: This is the string you pull back when drawing the bow.
5. Cables: These are the strings connecting the cams, which work together to provide the unique force-draw curve of a compound bow.
6. Arrow Rest: This is where the arrow sits on the bow. It can be a simple shelf in the riser or a mechanical device that holds the arrow until it’s released.
7. Sight: This helps the archer aim at the target.
8. Peep Sight: This is a small device installed in the bowstring that helps with aiming.
9. D-Loop: A small loop of string attached to the bowstring at the nocking point. The release aid attaches here for drawing and releasing the bow.
10. Stabilizer: This is a rod that extends from the front of the riser. It helps balance the bow and reduce vibrations.

b. Proper Care and Storage of Compound Bows

1. Storage: Store your bow in a cool, dry place to prevent any damage. Avoid places with high humidity or extreme temperatures. Ideally, you should use a hard case designed for archery equipment.
2. Cleaning: After every use, wipe down the bow with a dry cloth to remove any dirt or moisture. This is especially important for the strings and cables.
3. Inspection: Regularly inspect the bow for any signs of wear or damage. Pay special attention to the strings, cables, and cams.
4. Maintenance: Wax the bowstring and cables regularly. This prevents them from becoming dry and frayed. Always ensure all bolts and screws are tightened and secure.
5. Rest: If possible, let your bow rest after heavy use. Continuous shooting can stress the bow and shorten its lifespan.

c. USA Archery’s “Steps of Shooting” for the Compound Bow

1. Stance: Position your feet shoulder-width apart, perpendicular to the target.
2. Nocking the Arrow: Place the arrow on the arrow rest, attaching it to the bowstring via the arrow’s nock.
3. Set: Grip your bow without squeezing and place the fingers of your drawing hand on the string.
4. Set-Up: Raise your bow arm towards the target.
5. Draw: Pull the string towards your face, keeping your bow arm steady.
6. Anchor: Pull the string to a consistent point on your face (the corner of your mouth, or under your chin).
7. Transfer and Hold: Shift some of the draw weight from your arms to your back muscles.
8. Aim: Use your sight to aim at the target.
9. Release: Let go of the string smoothly, without jerking your hand back.
10. Follow-Through and Reflect: Keep aiming at the target after releasing the string. Reflect on the feel and result of your shot.

d. Necessity of Replacing the String or Cable at an Archery Shop

Compound bows operate under high tension, and the strings and cables wear out over time. Replacing them is not a simple task and requires a bow press to safely relieve tension.

Improper installation can also greatly affect the bow’s performance and may be dangerous. Professional archery shops have the necessary knowledge, experience, and tools to safely and accurately replace these components.

e. Marking the Nocking Point

The nocking point is the specific place on the bowstring where the arrow’s nock (the notch at the end of the arrow) attaches. To locate and mark the nocking point:

1. Attach a bow square to the string. It should create a right angle with the string and rest on the arrow rest.
2. The nocking point is typically located above the right angle point (1/8 to 1/4 inch for a compound bow).
3. Mark this spot on your bowstring with dental floss or a small crimp-on metal bead. This is where you will nock your arrows.

(f) The shooting requirements listed would require actual participation in an archery event and cannot be simply described or explained. Make sure to practice and follow safety rules, and seek guidance from an experienced coach or instructor.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)